students corner

This section is for medical students and postgraduate medical students in specific.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Diagnosis!

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is an uncommon cause of hypertension in young patients. This 32-year-old patient, unmarried, and a watchman by profession was referred to the PIMS surgery department for resection of an abdominal mass. The abdominal mass was investigated during his previous admissions and a laparoscopic biopsy was done which was consistent with the diagnosis …

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Uncontrolled hypertension, High Sodium, and Low potassium

A 40 years old male presented with uncontrolled hypertension of two years duration. Despite receiving beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and an ACE inhibitor, his blood pressure remains elevated. He also complains of polyuria, polydipsia, and generalized muscle weakness. On examination, his  BP is 180/110 mmHg. Funduscopy reveals grade III hypertensive retinopathy. Rest of the …

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alkaptonuria back pain and stiffness

Bluish-black pigmentation, Back pain and stiffness

A 45-year-old male patient, who presented to the outpatient department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad with complaints of progressive lower back pain and stiffness in association with a limitation of mobility for the last 20 years. The back pain was insidious in onset and progressive in nature associated with early morning stiffness, and …

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amenorrhea and weight gain

Amenorrhea, rapid weight gain, diabetes and hypertension

A 30 years old female was evaluated 6 months back for rapid weight gain and amenorrhea and found to have diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. She presented with acute onset of a severe headache and syncope. O/E She is afebrile, BP: 130/80 (80/60 mmHg on standing), signs of meningeal irritation are positive. She has …

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sudden vision loss

Sudden vision loss, arthralgias, and Syncope!

A 40 years old female was brought to the emergency with a history of sudden vision loss. Her previous history is significant for poly-arthralgias, Raynaud’s phenomena and syncopal episodes. On Examination she has stable vital signs with no postural drop in blood pressure. Fundus examination reveals retinal whitening. The cardiovascular examination is significant for a …

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