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Young Boy with Recurrent Abnormal Movements And Confusion
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A 19-year-old student of 10th class was admitted to our ward with a history of recurrent abnormal movements, confusion and altered state of consciousness...
7 Causes and Symptoms of Hypercalcemia You Should Know
This presentation about the important causes and symptoms of hypercalcemia has been prepared by our post-graduate resident Dr. Tayyaba Noor.
Approach to Hypercalcemia - Introduction:
Calcium...
COVID 19 Vaccines in Pakistan – How effective are COVID Vaccines?
The COVID 19 vaccination drive in Pakistan has already been launched. People including healthcare personnel are unsure of the vaccination efficacy and hesitant to...
Apixaban in Pakistan – A Better Option in Renal Failure
Apixaban has recently been marketed by many pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan including Highnoon Laboratories PVT, Pharmevo PVT, and GETZ Pharmaceutical company.Like Rivaroxaban, it is...
Latest Articles
Huge Hepatomegaly & Cardiomyopathy – Diagnosis?
An elderly patient was referred to Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences OPD for the work-up of hepatomegaly and weight loss.The patient, aged 65 years,...
Hyperkalemia Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Hyperkalemia treatment requires stabilizing the patient, shifting potassium into the cells, removing excess potassium from the body, and finding & treating the underlying cause.
What...
Acute intermittent porphyria – an overview
Acute Intermittent Porphyria is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a partial deficiency of PBG (porphobilinogen deaminase).Acute intermittent porphyria affects the central nervous system,...
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy – Diagnosis & Treatment
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy is an X-linked congenital disorder where the genes are inherited from an affected parent.It is a disorder affecting primarily the skeletal...
Kala Pathar poisoning – Story of a dying patient …
Kala pathar or Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD) is a commonly used ingredient in Henna and hair dyes. Local skin reactions are very common, however, severe...
ARNI (Valsartan complexed with Sacubitril)- Entresto
ARNI - AR stands for Angiotensin receptor blocker and NI stands for Neprilysin Inhibitor.In patients with heart failure, the levels of atrial and brain...
Diabetes Types – What’s really new in the new classification
Diabetes is a hyperglycemic syndrome affecting almost every organ system of the body. The three diabetes types are:Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes,...
SGLT2 inhibitors – Dapagliflozin vs Empagliflozin
Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are the two SGLT2 inhibitors currently available in Pakistan.Worldwide, among the SGLT2 class of medicines, apart from dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, canagliflozin...
Hematuria or blood in urine – How to evaluate?
Hematuria is a common symptom affecting men and women of all ages. The cause is usually a benign one but serious underlying conditions like...
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